C. The fall of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)

When Constantine became Emperor, he moved the capital to Byzantium - now Istanbul, Turkey - and changed its name as the name suggests, is Constantine. Gradually, the Eastern Roman Empire into a formidable empire. At the time of Constantine the Great, Byzantium was the center of government power that influence the development of politics in the region. However, in the 14th century came a new power of the Ottoman empire. in 1453under the leadership of Sultan Mohammed II, the Kingdom is able to control and seize Byzantium

b. Crusade (1096-1291)

 Jerusalem is a holy city for Christians. The city is located in Palestine, precisely along the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. During the Palestine led by the Abbasid Caliph, Christian people of Europe are still allowed to make pilgrimages to Jerusalem. However, since Jerusalem ruled by the Seljuk Turks, they were forbidden to come there. As a result, the rhetorical use of European nations that are predominantly Christians took Jerusalem.

The leader of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Emperor Maksius asked for help from Pope Urban II in Rome, Italy, to attack Palestinians and take the holy city of Jerusalem from the hands of the Seljuk Turks. Then in 1095, Pope Urban II asked for the kings of Europe to provide troops to go to Jerusalem. The army was by the Europeans called the Crusaders.

In 1095 there was a stampede toward the Palestinians. Pope Urban II called for the freeing of all Palestinian Islamic rule. The raid was called the Crusades. Crusades occurred around the year1096-1291 between the crusaders and the Seljuk Turks who ruled in Jerusalem. This war lasted up to seven times the waves of war. One-time crusader and won six times by the Seljuk Turks. Crusade claimed as a religious war, between Christianity and Islam. In fact, if wisely and objectively examined, not so. This can be proved that the wave of warfare with one another that created an atmosphere of peace between Christians with Muslims. Trade around the Mediterranean Sea involving Christians and Muslims remain crowded. Both people are still living peacefully. So crusade is just a political war between the kingdoms of Europe with the power of Islam in West Asia.

The Arrival of Europeans in Indonesia

Background Europeans Come to Indonesia 

The influx of European nations to the east (Asia) is not a coincidence that without a goal. However, the arrival was caused by events that occurred in Europe and western Asia. Events or changes that occur in the political, economic, and social. These changes, either directly, or indirectly, has encouraged European nations to come to the Asian region, including Indonesia. Changes in political, economic, and social development that occurred in Europe and Western Asia is characterized by such things as follows.

1.      Changes in the political field

a. Collapse of Western Roman Empire 

According to legend, Rome was built by two twin brothers, the Romulus and Remus. Romulus Remus was killed by being perceived as a threat to his domain. The legend of the civil war is increasingly turned on by a Roman citizen. It was seen from killing one another incident between the Roman generals.

Although the central government administration in the hands of the board of the people, the supreme power lies in the hands of the Roman military. One is the famous military leader Julius Caesar. Julius ruled as a dictator. It makes the enemy angry that he was assassinated in 44 BC. Then replaced by Caesar August. In his reign was at the height of the Roman triumph.

In the 2nd century Roman power grew from England to the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. Empire that has been linked with the road hard (like asphalt). Stone wall to repel the enemy was built along the Danube, across the Rhine in Syria later in north Africa. Hadrian's Wall, named this past northern English regions.

When Diocletian became emperor in 284, the Roman Empire was divided into two: the Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire. Both regions had a leader and administration respectively. Western Roman ruled by Maxsimianus while Diocletian ruled by the Roman east.

After the division of territory, the Eastern Roman developed rapidly so that the power of the Roman empire moved there. While the Western Roman setbacks are one reason is the attack of the barbarians. The so-called barbarian tribes were Angles, Goths, Huns, Jutes, Ostrogoths, Picts, Saxong, Scots, Vandals, and Visigoths. Finally the Western Roman Empire can be destroyed by the leaders of Germania in the year 476. In 493 the Kingdom of Germania standing in Italy. It marked the end of the Western Roman Empire.